Sarah Darby received her PhD in Medical Statistics from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in 1977. She then worked at St. Thomas' Hospital Medical School, the Radiation Protection Division of the Health Protection Agency, and the Radiation Effects Research Foundation in Hiroshima before taking up a Cancer Research UK funded post at the University of Oxford in 1984. She is currently Professor of Medical Statistics in the Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford.
Recently her research has focused on evaluating the risks and benefits of treatments for early breast cancer, the risk of lung cancer from residential radon, and the risk of heart disease from ionizing radiation.